植(zhi)物通(tong)過光合(he)作用獲取(qu)太陽能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)從而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機勃勃，人(ren)(ren)類(lei)通(tong)過進食獲取(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。伴隨(sui)著(zhu)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)對科(ke)學世界觀的(de)(de)認知，人(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)精神(shen)、物質生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)豐(feng)富，對附加產品的(de)(de)需求(qiu)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)高，而(er)根(gen)據能(neng)量守恒定(ding)律，人(ren)(ren)類(lei)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)都是(shi)在地球資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)獲取(qu)，尤其是(shi)對天然氣(qi)、煤炭、原油的(de)(de)不(bu)可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需求(qiu)高，而(er)這三種(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)屬于(yu)不(bu)可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)急，成(cheng)為制約人(ren)(ren)類(lei)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)瓶頸，因此發展(zhan)(zhan)一種(zhong)可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)清潔能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為熱點話題，光伏太陽能(neng)的(de)(de)技術發展(zhan)(zhan)也成(cheng)為重點突破口(kou)，光伏太陽能(neng)電(dian)池正(zheng)是(shi)在這樣的(de)(de)檔口(kou)中(zhong)(zhong)應運而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。
太陽能電池(chi)板
顧名思義光(guang)(guang)伏太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是利用(yong)(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)能，通過光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應或(huo)光(guang)(guang)化學(xue)反(fan)應的方式，將光(guang)(guang)能轉換(huan)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，并加以存儲利用(yong)(yong)的技術。其(qi)原理是太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)照在半(ban)導體p-n結上，形成(cheng)新的空穴(xue)-電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子對(dui)，在p-n結內(nei)建(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下，光(guang)(guang)生空穴(xue)流向(xiang)p區，光(guang)(guang)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子流向(xiang)n區，接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路后就產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。
光伏(fu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)經(jing)過一個多世紀的發(fa)展逐(zhu)漸從原理技術(shu)走向商(shang)業應用(yong)，經(jing)歷(li)了諸多階段，截至今日，光伏(fu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)按照材料劃分已經(jing)有硅太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、多元化合(he)物薄(bo)膜太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、聚合(he)物多層修飾電(dian)極型太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、納米晶太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、有機太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、塑料太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)，其中硅太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是發(fa)展最成熟(shu)的，在應用(yong)中居主導地位。
單晶硅太(tai)陽能電池片
而隨著人(ren)(ren)類(lei)對地(di)球環境以及資源提(ti)取的(de)認知越(yue)來越(yue)深，傳統(tong)的(de)光(guang)伏太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池存在環境污染(ran)、資源消耗過重等問題(ti)，有一些材(cai)料如碲化(hua)鎘材(cai)料還含有劇(ju)毒(du)，需(xu)要開(kai)發(fa)(fa)新一代(dai)的(de)高(gao)效太陽能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，需(xu)要具備條件(jian)是(shi)(shi)對環境污染(ran)小(xiao)、消耗資源比例小(xiao)、無(wu)毒(du)性，并且從商用價(jia)值角度出發(fa)(fa)，需(xu)求成本低廉(lian)、工藝流程簡單(dan)，光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換效率高(gao)、壽命(ming)長等特性，對科(ke)研人(ren)(ren)員提(ti)出了(le)更高(gao)的(de)要求，也是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)自身拯救自己的(de)一種(zhong)唯一方式，除非人(ren)(ren)類(lei)掌握的(de)暗物質(zhi)能量。
在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術和(he)商(shang)業背景(jing)下，新型鈣(gai)(gai)鈦(tai)(tai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)電(dian)池從(cong)科(ke)研(yan)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)領域進入到(dao)普通人的(de)(de)(de)(de)視野中(zhong)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)業中(zhong)初步(bu)小范圍生產使用。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)鈣(gai)(gai)鈦(tai)(tai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)電(dian)池滿足上述中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)技(ji)術及商(shang)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本需(xu)求，但從(cong)目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)用及實(shi)(shi)驗室階段來(lai)看，與傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅晶太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池相比在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使用壽命(ming)以及穩定(ding)性能(neng)(neng)、光(guang)(guang)電(dian)轉換上仍有(you)(you)待(dai)提升，但這(zhe)并不妨礙(ai)鈣(gai)(gai)鈦(tai)(tai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池成為新一(yi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)寵兒，其科(ke)研(yan)價(jia)值、商(shang)業價(jia)值值得(de)我(wo)們期盼，并且這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)期盼正在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)步(bu)步(bu)從(cong)實(shi)(shi)驗室走出來(lai)，正在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)業化的(de)(de)(de)(de)路上，而有(you)(you)些企業如杭(hang)州遷納光(guang)(guang)電(dian)、湖北(bei)萬度光(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)已成功實(shi)(shi)現(xian)商(shang)業化，開始(shi)小規模(mo)生產商(shang)用。正是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)實(shi)(shi)驗室與初步(bu)商(shang)用階段中(zhong)，武漢元祿光(guang)(guang)電(dian)早早的(de)(de)(de)(de)就進入到(dao)鈣(gai)(gai)鈦(tai)(tai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)電(dian)池激(ji)光(guang)(guang)刻蝕機(ji)項目運(yun)(yun)用到(dao)當中(zhong)，并跟隨鈣(gai)(gai)鈦(tai)(tai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)電(dian)池行業同步(bu)開發，逐步(bu)優化產品(pin)，并成功運(yun)(yun)用到(dao)實(shi)(shi)驗室以及商(shang)用階段當中(zhong)。
鈣鈦礦太陽能電池片
鈣鈦礦(kuang)電(dian)池目前(qian)分為玻璃基底和柔(rou)性PET柔(rou)性基底兩種類型(xing)，激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)刻蝕、劃線、清洗設(she)備主(zhu)要應(ying)用在p1、p2、p3激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)劃線以及p4激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)清邊，我將(jiang)分別對其進(jin)行介紹(shao)(shao)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)刻蝕機的應(ying)用，介紹(shao)(shao)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)劃線的用途和選型(xing)。
激光刻蝕機在(zai)(zai)(zai)鈣鈦礦(kuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)的主要用途為p1p2p3劃(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)，其(qi)目的是為了分割(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)區域，形成串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，增大電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)需要特別注(zhu)意的是控(kong)制(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)劃(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)的線(xian)(xian)寬(kuan)，從(cong)而減少死區面(mian)積(ji)，增大電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)使用面(mian)積(ji)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)對下一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)激(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)刻蝕的同時保證不傷及(ji)上一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)級，這是由于(yu)通過激(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)劃(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)式使P1和P3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)串(chuan)聯起來，如果在(zai)(zai)(zai)做P2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)激(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)劃(hua)(hua)線(xian)(xian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)傷及(ji)P1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)會(hui)影響(xiang)其(qi)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性及(ji)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換效(xiao)(xiao)率。P1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)通常為透明導電(dian)(dian)(dian)氧化物如氧化鎳(nie)、ITO、FTO等材料(liao)，P2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為鈣鈦礦(kuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，P3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)通常為金(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，如金(jin)、銀、鋁、銅等材料(liao)，詳細的劃(hua)(hua)分一般為FTO導電(dian)(dian)(dian)玻璃、TiO2 致密層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、TiO2 介孔層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、鈣鈦礦(kuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、HTM層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、金(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)。P4激(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)清(qing)邊的意義是在(zai)(zai)(zai)制(zhi)作(zuo)鈣鈦礦(kuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)印刷或生長方(fang)式涂布(bu)的各個層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)級存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)誤(wu)差，尤其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)邊緣(yuan)區域的控(kong)制(zhi)難(nan)以把控(kong)，需要利(li)用激(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)刻蝕技術，在(zai)(zai)(zai)邊緣(yuan)清(qing)理出1-10mm的區域，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)各個層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)級的一致性。
目前(qian)適用(yong)(yong)于鈣鈦礦電池激(ji)光劃線(xian)的激(ji)光刻(ke)蝕設(she)備波段分布廣(guang)泛(fan)，而(er)根據不(bu)同材料的特(te)性脈沖寬度也有較(jiao)大(da)差異性，某些(xie)實(shi)驗室單位從成(cheng)本角(jiao)度考慮采用(yong)(yong)納(na)秒紅外(wai)或(huo)納(na)秒綠(lv)光波段制作工(gong)藝，而(er)一些(xie)實(shi)驗性商業用(yong)(yong)途(tu)則采用(yong)(yong)超快激(ji)光刻(ke)蝕機，如(ru)飛秒紅外(wai)激(ji)光或(huo)飛秒綠(lv)光激(ji)光刻(ke)蝕機等(deng)，不(bu)一而(er)同，具體的工(gong)藝模式，仍需以工(gong)藝試(shi)樣和預算為(wei)準。
目前鈣鈦礦電(dian)池的最大(da)問(wen)題是(shi)穩定性問(wen)題，需要從材料、理(li)論研究等方向(xiang)持續努(nu)力，我們知道總有一(yi)天鈣鈦礦電(dian)池的大(da)規模商(shang)用能夠實現，但我希望來的這一(yi)天越早越好(hao)！
轉載注明來源：武漢元祿光電ytfan.cn
推薦設備：鈣鈦礦電池激光刻蝕機
